Cognition a general term for thinking, sometimes distinguished from metacognition, which is thinking about thinking. By cynthia brame, cft assistant director ive been thinking a good bit about metacognition lately, which is kind of funny, if you think about it. Is a complex processoften viewed as the essence of reading. The use of metacognitive strategies will help your students to think about their thinking before, during, and after they read. Using the right questions creates powerful, sometimes multiple answers and discussions. For example, bailin 2002 defines critical thinking as thinking of a particular quality essentially good thinking that meets specified criteria or standards of adequacy and accuracy. The metacognitive teaching framework in your classroom t. Metacognition is the ability to think about thinking, to be consciously aware of oneself as a problem solver, and to monitor and control ones mental processing. Metacognitive strategies are those strategies that require students to think about their own thinking as they engage in academic tasks. Fortunately, students can improve their metacognitive skills and teachers can help them do so, like the elementary school teacher who always admonished the class to, check your work.
The use of metacognitive strategies will help your students to think about their thinking before, during. I found it interesting because the way it broke down the importance of being critical when it comes to thinking, reading, and writing. Metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive regulation in. This section identifies and discusses metacognitive approaches that may help promote the higher order thinking of the ccss. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Metacognitive strategies as points in teaching reading. I found it interesting because the way it broke down the importance of being. Classroom cognitive and metacognitive strategies for teachers. Metacognitive regulation how learners monitor and control their cognitive processes.
Reinforce good reading comprehension skills and encourage your students to use metacognitive thinking with this metacognition thinking stem book and reading response sheet. Metacognition refers to awareness of ones own knowledge and the ability to understand, control, and influence ones cognitive processes. Aristotle said that he asked questions in response to other peoples views, while socrates focused on disciplined questioning to get to the truth of the matter. A coordinatebased metaanalysis of neuroimaging studies of metacognitive judgements by anthony g. Metacognitive strategies that enhance critical thinking. Metacognitive awareness excellence in school counseling. The purpose of this study is to investigate the university students. Metacognition is defined most simply as thinking about thinking. The successful use of training metacognitive strategy instruction was emphasized by wichadee 2011, who conducted a. University students level of metacognitive thinking and their ability. Raising students metacognitive awareness of reading. This is a comprehensive set of resources allowing teachers to select a depth that is right for their children a flexible resource that can be. Using a metacognitive bookmark purpose when teachers. Metacognitive poster and interactive pages making connections when we read.
A simplistic definition of metacognition is thinking about thinking. When we wrote the first edition of this book, most researchers focused on the selfmonitoring aspect of metacognition. Reading strategies use and reading comprehension achievement. Jul 21, 2010 the need to cultivate students use of metacognitive strategies in critical thinking has been emphasized in the related literature. Illstructured problems illstructured problems are openended, with unclear goals, multiple solutions, and. Metacognition or thinking about thinking involves the awareness and regulation of thinking processes. Metacognitive knowledge includes knowledge about oneself as a learner and the factors that might impact performance, knowledge about strategies, and knowledge about when and why to use strategies. Metacognition posters and interactive notebook pages by. Most powerful predictors of learning is thinking about thinking, knowing what we know and what we dont know. Having selfdirected learning skills is a factor in increasing the professional competence and performance of the students of midwifery and nursing who will serve in the future rowe, 2004. Metacognition metacognition is a word that doesnt exactly. Metacognitive monitoring and control both play an important role in reading comprehensionthe goal of readingand there are promising techniques for improving students metacognition. Metacognitive strategies or thinking about my thinking ld.
Metacognition cultivating reflection to help students become selfdirected learners overview reflection is an act of looking back in order to process experiences. Classroom cognitive and metacognitive strategies for. The concept of metacognition has been around since hu mans have. These are bookmarks that show students strategies for thinking while reading text. A comparison of the metacognitive reading strategies used. As metacognitive thinking becomes a skill, our minds open to exploring new insights, new ideas, new possibilities that could not be attained using the established mental filters that often prevent us from becoming creative thinkers. Metacognitive monitoring monitoring of ones own cognitive processes. Is intentional thinking during which meaning is constructed through interactions between text and reader. Metacognition, cognitive strategy instruction, and reading. Metacognitive free download as powerpoint presentation. During a cognitive process, an individuals metacognitive experiencesare influenced by the metacognitive knowledge that they retrieve from memory, and an individuals metacognitive experiences can, in turn, shape the individuals. Moreover, having metacognitive awareness is of importance for them in terms of. Metacognition is an important concept in cognitive.
They also enable kids to selfregulate when faced with. Metacognition makes you smarteror at least better able to take advantage of your abilities. Learners construct knowledge using cognitive strategies, and they guide, regulate, and evaluate their learning using metacognitive strategies. The levels of creative thinking and metacognitive thinking skills of. Posted by cynthia brame on thursday, january 10, 20 in news by cynthia brame, cft assistant director.
Metacognition, a type of reflection, is a way of thinking about ones thinking in order to grow. The successful use of training metacognitive strategy instruction was emphasized by wichadee 2011, who conducted a study among forty efl university students in thailand. Metacognition is often referred to as thinking about thinking. Pdf the development of the metacognitive thinking skills scale. Metacognition questions to get students thinking about thinking. Metacognition thinking stems and questions teaching. Week 5 metacognitive forum 11 one new thing i learned last week was the adept mind. Metacognition monitor your own learning by questioning and selftesting provide your own feedback keep concentration and motivation high why are metacognitive strategies so.
Metacognitive skills are not only excellent tools for kids who learn differently, and often find themselves struggling to keep up. An analysis of research on metacognitive teaching strategies. Specific metacognitive approaches various metacognitive approaches have been researched and proposed as effective classroom pedagogies for various content areas andor skill levels. Is influenced by the text and by the readers prior knowledge and experience that are brought to bear on it. A comparison of the metacognitive reading strategies used by. According to byrd, carter, and waddoups 2001, it is. Teaching metacognitive thinking skills online teacher. Metacognitive aspect of mathematics problem solving. Metacognition thinking stems and questions teaching resources. They are techniques that help people become more successful learners. During a cognitive process, an individuals metacognitive experiencesare influenced by the. This course explores how metacognitive thinking helps students to learn and to grow, with a focus on practical strategies to teach and support metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive control in the classroom.
Metacognitive thinking is a key element in the transfer of learning. Pdf it is observed that majority of recent studies on cognitive learning are dealing with metacognition. Cognition a general term for thinking, sometimes distinguished from metacognition, which is. Ive been thinking a good bit about metacognition lately, which is kind of funny, if you think about it. The need to cultivate students use of metacognitive strategies in critical thinking has been emphasized in the related literature. A theory of metacognitive regulation that is widely cited in. It may also be useful for class teachers with an interest in how research can improve their teaching. The correlation between metacognitive awareness level and. The present study aimed at examining the role of metacognitive strategies in critical thinking. Pdfs for easy printing or pptword files for editing. Reinforce good reading comprehension skills and encourage your students to use metacognitive thinking with these metacognition thinking stem reading response sheets. Fortunately, students can improve their metacognitive skills and teachers can help them do so. Can be used with any book during independent or guided reading, or with a whole group readaloud. So in other words, metacognition is the understanding and awareness of ones own mental or cognitive processes.
The metacognitive approach proposed serves as a guide for teachers interested in orienting their teaching toward helping learners become more analytical and independent thinkers. According to the ld online glossary 2014, metacognition is the process of thinking about thinking. Metacognition metacognition k nowing how to learn, and knowing which strategies work best, are valuable skills that differentiate expert learners from novice learners. Metacognition and selfregulated learning education.
English department who have received instruction in metacognitive awareness for reading comprehension. Neuropsychologists refer to metacognitive skills as the highest order of executive function, providing the student with the. This term was first coined by flavell in the mid 1970s. Metacognition, or thinking about thinkinglearning, is an element of the learning process where students with languagebased learning disabilities experience difficulty.
Metacognition can be defined very simply as thinking about. Metacognitive knowledge includes the reflexive understanding of the learning process and the role of the subject. Classroom cognitive and meta cognitive strategies for teachers researchbased strategies for problemsolving in mathematics k12 florida department of education, division of public schools and community education. Learners construct knowledge using cognitive strategies, and they guide, regulate, and evaluate their learning using metacognitive. This course explores how metacognitive thinking helps students to learn and to grow, with a focus on practical strategies to teach and support metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive. This collection of resources can be used with whole class, groups or individuals. Reading philosophy with background knowledge and metacognition. They also enable kids to selfregulate when faced with challenges, especially unexpected ones. Ten university students with comparable cognitive ability, thinking disposition and academic achievement but with different levels of critical thinking performance. One approach to teaching critical thinking is the metacognitive approach, which emphasizes explaining and modeling the thinking strategy. One of the most powerful byproducts of metacognitive thinking is increased selfregulation, says gladstone. Metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive regulation in time. The impact of training metacognitive strategies on reading. Developing creative minds and creative futures thinking.
A study on metacognitive thinking skills of university students eric. As metacognitive thinking becomes a skill, our minds open to exploring new insights, new ideas, new possibilities that could not be attained using the established mental filters that often. Metacognitive talk metacognitive talk involves a person saying out loud what they are thinking while they are carrying out a task. The students were given training sessions on metacognitive strategies over fourteen weeks. Chern 1993 demonstrated that there was a positive relationship between readers metacognitive reading strategy awareness and their reading comprehension process in eflesl. Getting started with metacognition cambridge community. Metacognition is the ability to think about thinking, to be consciously aware of oneself as a problem solver, and to. According to byrd, carter, and waddoups 2001, it is accounted as selfawareness of mental process. Metacognition or thinking about thinking involves the awareness and.
913 1487 887 777 938 371 463 540 755 463 566 1162 501 1135 1452 640 1408 1072 1536 262 70 52 1489 269 1262 33 369 353 406 415 1502 1473 321 209 1412 957 1457 257 201 446 1230 647